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Floating-point data may nominally be in IEEE 754, IBM, or VAX encodings. Integer data may be big-endian or little-endian. Thus, hex "24 46 4c" indicates ASCII and hex "5b c6 d3" indicates EBCDIC. The first 3 bytes of an SPSS_sav file indicate the character encoding by using the encoding to represent "$FL". Unicode has been supported for character data in the SPSS application since version 16 (released in late 2007). It states, "System files may use most character encodings based on an 8-bit unit." This includes ASCII, EBCDIC, and for more recent files, UTF-8. sav format can use a variety of character encodings and a variety of representations for integers and floating-point numbers. Unofficial documentation is available from the GNU PSPP project as Appendix B: System File Format. There is no official public specification.
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When an SPSS Statistics data file is saved from SPSS, the file extension. SPSS has been owned by IBM since 2009 and is now known as IBM SPSS Statistics.
#Normalize variable spss code software#
SPSS, which originally stood for "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences," is a widely used statistical software system, first released in 1968. The SPSS Statistics File Format is a proprietary binary format, developed and maintained as the native format for the SPSS statistical software application. SPSS Statistics Data File Format Family (.sav), formerly known as SPSS System File Format.